Male students wearing the distinctive Al-Azhar uniform — dark robes and red tarboush (fez) hats — sit in rows inside a classroom while a teacher writes on a blackboard at a religious institute in Qena, Upper Egypt. Al-Azhar educational institutes form one of the oldest and most extensive Islamic education networks in the world, providing religious and academic instruction from primary through university level across Egypt. The scene reflects the enduring tradition of Islamic religious schooling rooted in Al-Azhar's nearly 1,000-year educational legacy.