The main fortified tower of Qaitbay Citadel (Qal'et Qaitbay) dominates the frame, built in 1477 AD by Mamluk Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay on the eastern tip of Pharos Island in Alexandria, Egypt — the same site where the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria once stood. Visitors walk through the outer courtyard beneath the Egyptian flag, while historic Ottoman-era cannons are positioned at the base of the limestone walls. The citadel is a key landmark of Alexandria's Corniche and one of the most important medieval Islamic military fortifications in Egypt.